#MASLACH BURNOUT INVENTORY TEST PROFESSIONAL#
We also question whether if reduced professional efficacy is a constituent part of burnout.
Although most authors might not agree (e.g., ), it is nevertheless clear that depressive and burnout symptoms often co-occur and develop in tandem. In addition, there is an on-going debate about the relationship between burnout and depression, whereby some have argued that burnout is merely an atypical depressive disorder, whereas others maintain that burnout and depression do not overlap and are “two different robust constructs” (, p. These so-called neurasthenic complaints even led some authors to consider burnout as a work-related type of neurasthenia. Moreover, it was documented that particular distress symptoms, such as irritability, sleeping problems, and tension headaches, seem to occur in employees who suffer from burnout. Meanwhile, research has consistently linked burnout to cognitive malfunctioning and deficits as well (for an overview, see ). First, there are problems with the conceptualization of burnout. Essentially, the MBI-GS assesses the same three dimensions as the original measure by using more general worded items that refer to one’s job and not specifically focus on recipients.ĭespite its popularity, we have identified three flaws with the MBI. The three components of the MBI-GS are equivalent to those of the MBI-HSS/ES: (1) exhaustion, the depletion of one’s mental resources at work (2) cynicism, a distant attitude toward the job and (3) reduced professional efficacy, a lack of achievement and productivity at work. To assess this broadened burnout concept a general version was developed, the MBI-General Survey (MBI-GS).
Later, the definition of burnout was broadened to include not only those “who do people work of some kind” (, p. Because of its original definition and wording (i.e., most items refer to “recipients”, “patients”, or “students”), these versions of the MBI are specific for use within human services or educational and medical settings. This version was later dubbed MBI-Human Service Survey (MBI-HSS) and adapted for educators (MBI-Educator Survey MBI-ES) and medical personnel (MBI-HSS-MP). The MBI contains three factors, originally labelled as emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment. It has been estimated that the MBI is used in 88% of all publications on burnout. Most research has used-what has become the golden standard of burnout-the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). Convergent validity and discriminant validity with other burnout measures-including the MBI and OLBI-was demonstrated, as well as discriminant validity with other well-being constructs, such as work engagement and workaholism.įrom the outset, the assessment of burnout has been debated. Furthermore, the BAT and its subscales show adequate reliability. Contrary to expectations, instead of a three-factor structure, a two-factor structure was found for the secondary dimensions. Results demonstrate the assumed four-factor structure for the core dimensions, which is best represented by one general burnout factor. In the second study, the psychometric characteristics of the BAT were investigated in a representative sample of 1500 Flemish employees, focusing on factorial validity, reliability, and construct validity, respectively. Using a dialectical approach, four core dimensions-exhaustion, mental distance, and impaired emotional and cognitive impairment-and three secondary dimensions-depressed mood, psychological distress, and psychosomatic complaints-emerged, which constitute the basis of the BAT. In a prior qualitative study, 49 practitioners were interviewed about their conceptualization of burnout (part 1). This paper introduces a new definition for burnout and investigates the psychometric properties of the Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT).
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